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Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of modified Xiaoke prescription on patients with Yin deficiency and heat excessive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its influence on TCM syndrome scores, pancreatic islet function and oxidative stress.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. Eighty patients with Yin deficiency and heat excessive T2DM treated in the hospital between January and July 2021 were selected, and divided into observation group (41 cases) and control group (39 cases) by random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine, and patients in the observation group were treated with modified Xiaoke Prescription on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 1 month. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 hPG were measured by glucose oxidase method. Serum HbA1c, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and SOD activity were measured by ELISA. The levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected by colorimetry.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.68% (38/41), and that of the control group was 76.92% (30/39). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=3.89, P=0.048). After treatment, the scores of tiredness and fatigue, thirst and appetite, overeating and hunger, redness of tongue and lack of saliva and total scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=4.46, 16.89, 13.37, 8.58, 8.38, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of serum FPG [(7.31±0.90) mmol/L vs. (8.72±1.50) mmol/L, t=5.13], 2 hPG [(9.64±2.05) mmol/L vs. (12.85±1.20) mmol/L, t=8.49], HbA1c [(7.64±0.58)% vs. (8.11±1.35)%, t=2.04] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05); MDA [(3.96±1.00) mmol/L vs. (5.04±0.73) mmol/L, t=5.49], 8-OHdG [(203.41±30.70) ng/L vs. (234.50±59.00) ng/L, t=2.98] levels were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05); The activity of serum SOD [(48.64±5.05) mU/L vs. (41.75±3.58) mU/L, t=7.01] was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01); The serum LDL-C [(2.01±0.11) mmol/L vs. (2.56±0.25) mmol/L, t=12.84], TC [(4.75±0.20) mmol/L vs. (5.12±0.07) mmol/L, t=10.93] levels were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); The serum HDL-C [(1.62±0.18) mmol/L vs. (1.24±0.42) mmol/L, t=5.31] level was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The modified Xiaoke Prescription can improve clinical symptoms, curative effect and pancreatic function, and relieve oxidative stress on the patients with T2DM.
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Objective@#To examine the accuracy of computer-aided intraoperative navigation (Ci-Navi) in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by comparing preoperative planning and postoperative outcome. @*Methods@#The study comprised 45 patients with congenital dentomaxillofacial deformities who were scheduled to undergo bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Virtual bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was simulated using Mimics software. Intraoperatively, a Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla was performed using osteotomy guide plates. After the Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, the mobilized maxilla and the distal mandibular segment were fixed using an occlusal splint, forming the maxillomandibular complex (MMC). Realtime Ci-Navi was used to lead the MMC in the designated direction. Osteoplasty of the inferior border of the mandible was performed using Ci-Navi when facial symmetry and skeletal harmony were of concern. Linear and angular distinctions between preoperative planning and postoperative outcomes were calculated. @*Results@#The mean linear difference was 0.79 mm (maxilla: 0.62 mm, mandible: 0.88 mm) and the overall mean angular difference was 1.20°. The observed difference in the upper incisor point to the Frankfort horizontal plane, midfacial sagittal plane, and coronal plane was < 1 mm in 40 cases. @*Conclusions@#This study demonstrates the role of Ci-Navi in the accurate positioning of bone segments during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Ci-Navi was found to be a reliable method for the accurate transfer of the surgical plan during an operation.
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Objective@#To examine the accuracy of computer-aided intraoperative navigation (Ci-Navi) in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by comparing preoperative planning and postoperative outcome. @*Methods@#The study comprised 45 patients with congenital dentomaxillofacial deformities who were scheduled to undergo bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Virtual bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was simulated using Mimics software. Intraoperatively, a Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla was performed using osteotomy guide plates. After the Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, the mobilized maxilla and the distal mandibular segment were fixed using an occlusal splint, forming the maxillomandibular complex (MMC). Realtime Ci-Navi was used to lead the MMC in the designated direction. Osteoplasty of the inferior border of the mandible was performed using Ci-Navi when facial symmetry and skeletal harmony were of concern. Linear and angular distinctions between preoperative planning and postoperative outcomes were calculated. @*Results@#The mean linear difference was 0.79 mm (maxilla: 0.62 mm, mandible: 0.88 mm) and the overall mean angular difference was 1.20°. The observed difference in the upper incisor point to the Frankfort horizontal plane, midfacial sagittal plane, and coronal plane was < 1 mm in 40 cases. @*Conclusions@#This study demonstrates the role of Ci-Navi in the accurate positioning of bone segments during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Ci-Navi was found to be a reliable method for the accurate transfer of the surgical plan during an operation.
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Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1) gene, characterized by complex manifestations including early onset epilepsy, motor and mental retardation, and movement disorders and so on. Ketogenic-diet is most suitable therapy and should be commenced as early as possible because timing the initiation of the diet may prevent seizure, movement disorder, and cognitive impairment. This review aims to improve the clinicians′ understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome to ensure the diagnosis as early as possible.
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Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1) gene,characterized by complex manifestations including early onset epilepsy,motor and mental retardation,and movement disorders and so on.Ketogenic-diet is most suitable therapy and should be commenced as early as possible because timing the initiation of the diet may prevent seizure,movement disorder,and cognitive impairment.This review aims to improve the clinicians' understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome to ensure the diagnosis as early as possible.
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Objective:To analyze the risk factors of renal function recovery in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) combined with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in 105 SAP patients with AKI who were admitted to ICU or EICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to October 2019. According to the recovery of renal function at 28 days, the patients were divided into the renal function recovery group and the poor recovery group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the clinical data of the two groups and to determine the risk factors related to renal function recovery.Results:According to the recovery of renal function, 105 patients were divided into the renal function recovery group ( n=73) and the poor recovery group ( n=32). Compared with the renal function recovery group, patients in the poor recovery group were older, had a higher prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease and a higher score on the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ); More patients had abdominal necrosis infection and abdominal hemorrhage. The proportion of patients who applied mechanical ventilation was higher in the poor recovery group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal necrosis infection ( OR=5.088, 95% CI:1.041-24.871, P=0.044) and mechanical ventilation ( OR=4.615, 95% CI:1.126-18.904, P=0.034) were the independent risk factors of renal function recovery in SAP patients with AKI. Conclusions:Abdominal necrosis infection and mechanical ventilation are the independent risk factors for renal function recovery in patients with SAP and AKI.
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane receptors whose agonist-induced dynamic conformational changes trigger heterotrimeric G protein activation, followed by GRK-mediated phosphorylation and arrestin-mediated desensitization. Cytosolic regions of GPCRs have been studied extensively because they are direct contact sites with G proteins, GRKs, and arrestins. Among various cytosolic regions, the role of helix 8 is least understood, although a few studies have suggested that it is involved in G protein activation, receptor localization, and/or internalization. In the present study, we investigated the role of helix 8 in dopamine receptor signaling focusing on dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). D1R couples exclusively to Gs, whereas D2R couples exclusively to Gi. Bioinformatic analysis implied that the sequences of helix 8 may affect GPCR-G protein coupling selectivity; therefore, we evaluated if swapping helix 8 between D1R and D2R changed G protein selectivity. Our results suggest that helix 8 is not involved in D1R-Gs or D2R-Gi coupling selectivity. Instead, we observed that D1R with D2R helix 8 or D1R with an increased number of hydrophobic residues in helix 8 relative to wild-type showed diminished β-arrestin-mediated desensitization, resulting in increased Gs signaling.
Subject(s)
Arrestin , Arrestins , Computational Biology , Cytosol , Dopamine , Family Characteristics , GTP-Binding Proteins , Membranes , Phosphorylation , Receptors, Dopamine D1 , Receptors, Dopamine D2 , Receptors, DopamineABSTRACT
Desensitization and acute tolerance are terms used to describe the attenuation of receptor responsiveness by prolonged or intermittent exposure to an agonist. Unlike desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is commonly explained by steric hindrance caused by the β-arrestins that are translocated to the activated receptors, molecular mechanisms involved in the acute tolerance of GPCRs remain unclear. Our studies with several GPCRs and related mutants showed that the acute tolerance of GPCRs could occur independently of agonist-induced β-arrestin translocation. A series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a correlation between receptor tolerance and interactions among receptors, β-arrestin2, and Gβγ. Gβγ displayed a stable interaction with receptors and β-arrestin2 in cells expressing GPCRs that were prone to undergo tolerance compared to the GPCRs that were resistant to acute tolerance. Strengthening the interaction between Gβγ and β-arrestin rendered the GPCRs to acquire the tendency of acute tolerance. Overall, stable interaction between the receptor and Gβγ complex is required for the formation of a complex with β-arrestin, and determines the potential of a particular GPCR to undergo acute tolerance. Rather than turning off the signal, β-arrestins seem to contribute on continuous signaling when they are in the context of complex with receptor and Gβγ.
Subject(s)
Immunoprecipitation , Receptors, Dopamine D3ABSTRACT
Abstract Formaldehyde has been widely employed to immobilize clinical tissue specimens, inactivate toxins and viruses in biomedical fields. Formaldehyde can react with active groups in bio-molecules such as proteins, resulting in protein cross-linking, inactivation, and immobilization. By using several standard peptides and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus as experimental models, we studied the chemical modifications of peptides and proteins with formaldehyde by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nano-electrospray quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The reaction between formaldehyde and peptides was performed under the same conditions as those during inactivation of virus (4℃, 0. 025% Formalin (V/V), 37% formaldehyde solution (w/w), and 72 h). The results indicated that under above conditions, formaldehyde could react with amino group of N-terminus of standard peptide to generate a methylol adduct, which was further condensed into an imine to generate+12 Da product. Besides, formaldehyde could react with side chain of two amino acids such as arginine and lysine, yielding +12 Da product respectively. The analysis of the reaction between formaldehyde and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus showed that +24 Da products could be detected in most peptides due to combinational contribution from N-terminus of peptide (+12 Da ) and side chain of C-terminal arginine or lysine (+12 Da) . Moreover, a +36 Da product was detected for a peptide with miss-cut site. The results indicated that low-concentration formaldehyde primarily reacted with amino group on N-termini of peptides and proteins, as well as the side chains of arginine and lysine residues. The present study suggested an effective mass spectrometry-based method for analyzing the reaction between low-concentration formaldehyde and peptides and proteins, thus provided strategies for interpretation for the mass spectra of reaction products.
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Objective To investigate the change of serum CA724, CA242 and AFP levels before and after transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)patients as well as its clinic significance. Methods Patients of PHC (n=45) and healthy adults (n=40) were enrolled. Serum samples were collected from each healthy people and PHC patients 2 days before TACE,l week and 1 month after TACE. Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLI) was used to determine serum CA724, CA242 and AFP levels, and correlations among three indexes as well as their relationships with clinical data were also analysed., Change of serum CA724 and CA242 levels before and after TACE were compared in AFP0.05). CA724 and AFP expressions are associated with tumor size(P<0.05). After one month of therapy, serum CA724 level was obviously decreased in both AFP<400μg/L and AFP≥400μg/L groups. Before and after TACE therapy, there was a positive correlation between the expression of AFP and CA724(r=0.754,P<0.05). Conclusion Serum CA724 can be used as one of the tumor markers to assist the evaluation of curative effect of TACE on PHC.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of localized peritoneal mesothelioma by the retrospective analysis of the clinical data and its relationship with asbestos exposure.Methods A total of 22 cases with localized peritoneal mesothelioma confirmed by pathological test and they were selected as our subjects in the Central Hospital of Cangzhou from Jan.2007 to Dec.2012.The information of all cases was collected.The incidence,asbestos exposure history,clinical manifestations,imaging studies,pathological type,immunohistochemistry and tumor markers of peritoneal mesotheliom patients were recorded or measured.Results Of 22 cases,female accounted for 68.18％.The periods from onset symptoms to treatment time was from 2 days to 1 year with an average of 83 days.Clinical symptoms were verified including localized abdominal pain (11 cases,50.00％),abdominal mass (8 cases,36.36％),abdominal distension (6 cases,27.27％),ascites (10 cases,45.45％).Patient was with increased platelet and carcinoma antigen 125.Abdominal computerized tomography showed that local mass was seen and 12 cases were with asbestos spot.Ultrasound-guided peritoneal biopsy was confirmed as the main diagnostic method followed by Laparotomy.Epithelial type was the main pathological type (19 cases,86.36％),following the fleshy tumor type and mixed type.Eighteen cases had asbestos exposure history.Conclusion Localized peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease.However,the incidence is high in the current region due to asbestos exposure.Abdominal pain and local mass are the main clinical symptoms,and the main pathology is epithelial typeas well as surgery is the main therapy.
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Objective To explore the influence of different lengths and contents of glass-fiber post on the fracture resistance of teeth, and to investigate the optimal length and content of glass-fiber post used for restorative treatment. Meth-ods Forty-two intact single canal mandibular premolars were collected from orthodontic patients and were divided into three experimental groups (A, B and C). All the teeth were endodontically treated after cut off the crowns from the 2 mm above cemento-enamel junction. The post lengths were10 mm in A group, 8 mm in B group, and 6 mm in C group.There were two subgroups for each experimental group (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 ), 7 teeth for each subgroup.The 42%glass fiber post was used in A1, B1 and C1 groups. The 75%glass fiber post was used in A2, B2 and C2 groups. All of groups were restored with resin cores and metal crowns. The fracture resistance was measured with universal testing machine and recorded the root frac-ture pressure data and the mode of all the teeth. Results The fracture resistance was significantly higher in group A than that of group B and group C (P<0.05), and the fracture resistance was significantly higher in group B than that of group C (P<0.05). The fracture resistance was significantly higher for 75%glass fiber post than that of 42%glass fiber post (P<0.05). Conclusion Within a certain range, the longer the length of glass fiber post, the greater the tooth fracture resistance. The fracture resistance of fiber content is better for 75%glass fiber post than that of 42%glass fiber post.